Peace Corps Turkmenistan. Turkmen language grammar guide

Ashgabat: US Peace Corps Turkmenistan, 2012. — 86 p.The entrance of Turkic-speaking groups into the southwestern region of Central Asia by the fifth and sixth centuries gradually changed the area from Persian-speaking to Turkic-speaking. The decisive influx came when Oguz tribes migrated into the area between the Ural Mountains and the Aral Sea around the 8th and 9th centuries. During this same period the term Turkmen was first used to refer to these people. By the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the Oguz tribes in Turkmenistan had coalesced to the point that they could be regarded as a single people. Although they shared common traditions and the same language, they had strong divisions among them. Subnational and clan consciousness still predominates in Turkmenistan where Turkmen people tend to divide themselves by origin and clan. The newly independent Turkmenistan state gained independence from the Soviet Union on October 27, 1991.